Glasgow will go into level-four lockdown from Friday for three weeks.
It means all non-essential shops and services will close.
Schools will remain open as a priority.
People will also be asked to keep their movements to their local area.
First minister Nicola Sturgeon made the announcement to MSPs.
She said the Scottish government would be making available additional funds to local authorities to help businesses and services.
Ms Sturgeon said 11 local authorities would move from level 3 to level 4 - including Glasgow.
'Distressing'
She said: “I am acutely aware that these decisions will be disappointing and distressing.”
But the move was about protecting the health service ahead of the winter, she said.
These decisions will give us a chance to ease restrictions ahead of Christmas.
But Scotland needed to get infection rates down to a “lower base level” first, she said.
She said an end to this was now within our grasp.
News of possible vaccines gave everyone hope that some normality would return next year.
Shops in Hyndland were braced for the announcement.
Mabel Lau at gifts boutique Cassiopeia on Hyndland Road said the news was a huge blow.
“We are very anxious about a lockdown during the busiest time of the year.
“As a small business we rely massively on the business generated at this time. A huge blow to us all.
'Heartbroken'
“Even with a short lockdown, we may find that people have already spent their money shopping online by the time we reopen.
“Again big business like Amazon who do little to enhance local communities will be the biggest winners in all this.”
It was the same story in Kelvinbridge.
Designer makers gift shop Hatch has had a bumpy first months already, and owner Jessica Taylor said she was "absolutely heartbroken" by the new measures.
"I will be offering click and collect on Tuesdays and Fridays at the shop and providing market days over social media.
She said her online shop would be operating as normal to during the period her shop on West Princes Street is closed.
